Pdf evaluating the drought stress tolerance efficiency. Improving drought stress tolerance is a very challenging task for wheat and barley researchers and more research is needed to better understand this stress. There were significant influences of ht andor drought stress on. Its production is low and variable from season to season due to frequent drought stress.
Priming significantly alleviated the deleterious effect of drought stress on wheat. On the contrary, pod activities and mda contents greatly increased in response to water stress. The mean number of days to maturity for irrigated, drought and heat stress condition was 115. Drought is one of the most important phenomena which limit crops production and yield. Wheat drought tolerance in the field is predicted by amino. The dry weather that has allowed field work, however, is starting to become a worrying and most growers are hoping for a.
Wheat yield loss attributable to heat waves, drought and. Crops demonstrate various morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses to tackle drought stress. Plants vegetative and reproductive stages are intensively influenced by drought stress. This alleviating effect was more pronounced when b applied. Taasr1, a transcription factor gene in wheat, confers drought. This work examined the effects of drought and heat stress conditions on grain yield and quality parameters of nine durum wheat. The aim of this work was to study the effect of drought stress on some physiological and biochemical characteristics of durum wheat to. Molecular plant volume 5 number 2 pages 418429 march 2012 research article drought responses of leaf tissues from wheat cultivars of differing drought tolerance at the metabolite level jairus b. However, there is demand to increase area under wheat to make country food secure. Pdf effect of drought stress on different physiological. For this purpose, elite and high yielding wheat cultivars that are sensitive to drought. The study was carried out to investigate the responses of drought stress on wheat tissues. In the present study we aimed to improve wheat growth under drought stress conditions through priming with beneficial bacteria considered as plantgrowth promoting bacteria pgpb. Some plant varieties are more susceptible to abiotic stress and are known as susceptible plants while others wholly escape the adverse effects of stress.
Since the value of functions of genes, dynamics of pathways and interaction of. Two bacterial strains, bacillus amyloliquefaciens 51 and azospirillum brasilense no40, were used to prime the wheat cv. Drought stress tolerance is a complex trait, and although a large number of genes involved in plant drought stress responses has been identified, large gaps still remain. The spots representing rubisco large subunit rls were identified using polyclonal antibodies against rubisco and immunoblotting.
These conditions have an adverse effect on the productivity of many crops including cereals such as wheat. Thereafter, one half of the plants were exposed to high temperature stress ht. Drought is one of the most important abiotic stress. It has been observed by many researchers that yield in drought stress conditions, is a fine fusion of the traits like days taken by crop. Both cultivars were imposed to gradual water depletion started on day 17 till day 32 after sowing. Jun 27, 2019 improving drought stress tolerance is a very challenging task for wheat and barley researchers and more research is needed to better understand this stress. The effects of drought stress on yield, relative water. Under drought, hexaploid wheats had higher pod activities and mda contents than tetraploid and diploid wheats. Common wheat possesses a very complex and huge genome with size of. Photosynthesis and productivity during hightemperature stress of wheat genotypes from major world regions. Early season drought stress impacts wheat and corn development 51712 in every region of north dakota conditions have been nearly ideal for planting. In wheat, there are several genes which are responsible for drought stress tolerance and produce different types of enzymes and proteins for instance, late. A lot of constrains and challenges are facing in wheat production and yield in pakistan as.
Drought stress reduced the net leaf photosynthetic rate, leaf transpiration rate and leaf water potential 19. Heat andor drought stress during cultivation are likely to affect the processing quality of durum wheat triticum turgidum l. Biotechnology for the development of drought tolerant. Physiological derivations of drought tolerance in wheat.
Physiological parameters and expression levels of drought related genes were analyzed in early vegetative stage of two bread wheat cultivars sids and gmiza differ in drought tolerance capacity. Initial heat shock protein profile has been outlined via sds electrophoresis of leaf. A direct role of wrky transcription factors in drought tolerance is evident from their upregulation at the protein level in response to drought stress tripathi et al. Understanding its genetics and genome organization using molecular markers is of great value for plant breeding purposes. The objectives of this study were to elucidate changes in metabolite levels in wheat under drought, and to identify potential metabolites. Leaf and canopy temperature increased due to drought stress that might have occurred due to increased respiration and decreased transpiration resulting from stomatal closure. In wheat, there are several genes which are responsible for drought stress tolerance and produce different types of enzymes and proteins for instance, late embryogenesis abundant lea, responsive. Effects of drought stress on growth and yield of barley 147 stress increased. Drought stress at the reproductive stage causes severe damage to productivity of wheat. Relative water content decreased and electrolyte leakage increased due to individual and combined application of both stresses.
Screening of bread wheat genotypes for drought tolerance. Varietal differences in drought have been reported in wheat, which can be exploited further by breeding programs to develop new varieties. The effects of drought stress on yield, yield components, and yield. Effects of drought stress on growth and yield of barley. Jan 27, 2017 since drought has emerged as one of the most common environmental abiotic stresses that reduce crop production and productivity globally, creation of drought tolerant cultivars by means of. Wheat that is one of the most important staple food crops in the world is adversely affected by drought. The detrimental effect of the heat stress on wheat yield may worsen when coinciding with drought pradhan et al 2012. The influence of combined and individually applied drought and heat stress was studied in two wheat triticum aestivum l. Independent and combined effects of high temperature and. In wheat, there are several genes which are responsible for drought stress tolerance and produce different types of enzymes and proteins for. The genes for drought tolerance are regulated at once under drought conditions and produced the respected products that response to signal transduction, stress response and help the plant to withstand under drought stress zhou et al. Lchrms based nontargeted metabolomic profiling of wheat.
Wheat is the largest deficit item in the developing country food basket. Effect of heat and drought stress on the structure and composition of arabinoxylan and. Early season drought stress impacts wheat and corn development 51712 the dry weather that has allowed field work, however, is starting to become a worrying and most growers are hoping for a nice rain to get things moving. Drought and heat stress tolerance screening in wheat using. Enzymatic activities partly recovered and mda contents decreased with rewatering. Evaluation of drought tolerance screening techniques among. Any further increase in the occurrence, and extremity of these stresses, either individually or in combination, would severely reduce the crop productivity and food security, globally. Ijms free fulltext drought stress tolerance in wheat and. Understanding how wheat manages water stress is important for the reclamation of drought prone soils and crop production, and possibly also to discover water stress resistance genes and hence to develop drought resistance biotechnology in this crop. Drought is a wide world problem constraining global crop production seriously. A study of drought stress effect on physiological and. The reduction in stress markers proline and h 2 o 2 and the enhancement of plant pigments content under water stress levels 50% from the amount of water consumption for wheat by b spraying suggests an alleviating effect of boron foliar application to water stress in the test plant.
Frontiers drought orand heatstress effects on seed. Drought tolerance is a complicated trait which is controlled by polygenes and their expressions. Thirteen drought tolerance indices including stress. Bread wheat, drought stress, relative water content, proline, soluble carbohydrates, chlorophyll 1 summary the experiment carried out in 2007 and 2008 in the dryland agriculture research sub institute sararood, kermanshah, iran in order to study the effects of drought stress on yield. Breeding for drought tolerance using novel genetic resources is an important mitigation strategy. In many irrigated regions also, shortage of water supply allows only limited irrigation. Drought stress negatively affect yield per plant and number of grains per spike, as drought stress increased from t1 to t4, the ypp and ngps decreased. However, drought is considered a key environmental stress that adversely affects wheat growth and yield xue et al. These tfs are categorizes into large gene families like ap2erf, bzip, nac, myb, myc, cys2his2 zincfinger and wrky. Wheat cipk23, isolated from wheat drought transcriptome data set, was induced by multiple abiotic stresses, including drought, salt, and abscisic acid aba. However, little is known about the metabolites associated with drought tolerance.
Although drought impedes wheat performance at all growth stages, it is more critical during the flowering and grainfilling phases terminal drought and results in substantial yield losses. Taasr1, a transcription factor gene in wheat, confers. Pantoea alhagi, a novel endophytic bacterium with ability to. Drought water deficits and heat high temperatures stress are the prime abiotic constraints, under the current and climate change scenario in future. This study was conducted to determine the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal am fungi inoculation on growth, grain yield and mineral acquisition of two winter wheat triticum aestivum l.
Abiotic stress conditions are the main limiting factors for crop cultivation around the world. Assessment of grain yield indices in response to drought. The severity and duration of the stress determine the extent of the yield loss. Pdf drought stress in wheat during flowering and grain. Effect of drought stress on different physiological traits in bread wheat.
Pdf control of drought stress in wheat using plantgrowth. Oct 12, 2018 drivers of crop yield variability require quantification, and historical records can help in improving understanding. Effects of water stress on germination and growth of wheat. Jun 22, 2012 abiotic stress conditions are the main limiting factors for crop cultivation around the world. Droughtstressinduced changes in activities of superoxide. Activities of superoxide dismutase sod, catalase cat, and peroxidase pod, as well as malondialdehyde mda contents and solute potentials, were studied in seedlings of seven wheat triticum species nine genotypes representing three ploidy levels. Effect of drought stress on the physiology and yield of. Agronomy 2017, 7, 5 2 of 21 wheat material with improved tolerance to drought stress. Keywords wheat, heat stress, heat tolerance, drought stress, drought tolerance i. Mycorrhizal plants often have greater tolerance to drought than nonmycorrhizal plants. Effect of drought stress on the physiology and yield of the.
At least four independent stress responsive genetic regulatory pathways are known to exist in plants, forming a highly complex and redundant gene network 8, 9. Jul 18, 2011 objectives of this research were to investigate the independent and combined effects of high temperature and drought stress during grain filling on physiological, vegetative and yield traits and expression of a chloroplast protein synthesis elongation factor ef. In the present study, the morphological and rapdbased molecular characteistics of twelve varieties r of pakistani wheat were investigated as a function of drought stress. Evaluation of wheat genotypes under irrigated, heat stress. The effect of drought stress on leaf chlorophyll content and. Control of drought stress in wheat using plantgrowth. In wheat, several metabolomics studies have been performed, such as a targeted metabolite profiling of four wheat cultivars under controlled osmotic stress to show a positive relationship between soluble carbohydrate accumulation and drought tolerance kerepesi and galiba, 2000, glasshousebased drought experiments comparing the temporal. Irrigation, to alleviate local water stress, can also mitigate the impact of the highest temperatures, by evaporative cooling, even at larger spatial scales tack et al 2015, troy et al 2015, mueller et al 2016. Physiological responses include closure of stomata, decrease in the activity of photosynthesis, development of oxidative stress, alteration in the integrity of cell wall, production of metabolites which are toxic and cause plants death, signal recognition of roots, turgor loss and adjustment of osmosis, reduction in water. Pdf effect of heat and drought stress on the structure. The major response of plants to drought stress include perception of stress signals and their transduc. Based on fao statistics, total australia wheat yield in 2006 dropped by 46 percent below 19602010 yield trend level.
However, it is not known whether asr genes confer drought stress tolerance by utilizing the antioxidant system. Drought stress in wheat during flowering and grainfilling periods. Drought responses of leaf tissues from wheat cultivars of. The 2010 drought in russia was very long, intensive. Increasing grain yield and improving quality are of great importance for the increasing human population curtis and halford, 2014.
The greater intensification of drought stress for maize than wheat with the same gcms and rcps largely reflects that wheat is sown in the autumn with cooler. Among the effects of impending climate change, drought will have a profound impact on crop productivity in the future. Biochemical screening for osmotic adjustment of wheat. Drought results in increased reactive oxygen species ros, which can. Response to drought stress has been studied widely, and the model plant arabidopsis has guided the studies on crop plants with genome sequence information viz. A second group of genes activated by drought is comprised by regulatory proteins that further regulate the transduction of the stress signal and modulate gene expression. Finding of suitable phenotypes is further complicated by exposure of plants to multiple environmental stressors in the field either simultaneously or sequentially. Assessment of drought tolerance of some triticum l. Morphological derivations of drought tolerance in wheat. Australia suffered multiyear droughts between 2002 and 2010. Wild barley genotypes that came from areas with low water availability had greater osmotic adjustment capacity and greater response to drought stress 11.
Effects of drought stress on wheat triticum aestivum l. Effects of drought stress in laboratory experiment were induced by polyethylene glycol peg 0, 15 and 25%, with three replicates and applied on germination of wheat genotypes seeds. Pdf effects of drought stress on wheat triticum aestivum l. Early season drought stress impacts wheat and corn. Evaluating the drought stress tolerance efficiency of wheat triticum aestivum l. Although, they obstruct productivity at all crop growth. The mean number of days to heading for irrigated, drought and heat stress condition was 78.
This work examined the effects of drought and heat stress conditions on grain yield and quality parameters of nine durum wheat varieties, grown during two years 200809 and 200910. Engineering drought tolerance using transcription factors tfs conventional and transcriptomebased analyses have revealed that dozens of transcription factors tfs are involved in plant response to drought stress. The leaf protein pattern from drought tolerant and drought sensitive wheat varieties subjected to severe soil drought but with the possibility for recover from stress was studied by twodimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 2dpage. Control of drought stress in wheat using plantgrowthpromoting bacteria. To combat such environmental stress factors,plants deploy a variety of complex mechanisms for their protection. After 15 days of drought stress, both wheat genotypes showed highly significantly reductions in p n and g s compared with that of the corresponding controls fig. Yield of wheat varieties were considerably decreased when they were allowed to grow in minimum annual rainfall regions 20. Drought is an important abiotic stress factor which significantly reduces sustainable crop production. Frontiers physiological responses and yield of wheat. Improving abiotic stress tolerance in wheat requires large scale screening of yield components such as seed weight, seed number and single seed weight, all of which is very laborious, and a detailed analysis of seed morphology is timeconsuming and visually often impossible. The drought tolerance of wheat is a complex process in the respects of plant physiology, in order to charactherise the drought tolerance several parameters have to. Effective selection criteria for assessing drought stress. Coolly conference paper pdf available august 2016 with 1,430 reads how we measure reads. Roles of dehydrin genes in wheat tolerance to drought stress.
At the same time, the lower relative water content induced by drought might also decrease the absorption of nutrition by aphids from wheat huberty and. Apr 19, 2010 engineering drought tolerance using transcription factors tfs conventional and transcriptomebased analyses have revealed that dozens of transcription factors tfs are involved in plant response to drought stress. Wheat wrky transcription factors, tawrky44 and tawrky93, were identified to be critical response factors under drought stress qin et al. Pdf anatomical responses of wheat to drought stress. As a result, co 2 concentrations and photosynthesis are increased which a ect plant s growth and n ally, water use e ciency can be improved. Wheat is one of the major crops in the world, and its yield is. Computed tomography offers the opportunity for much faster and more accurate assessment of yield components. Therefore, genetics of drought water stress tolerance in different crops has become a priority area. In order to select drought tolerant land races of bread wheat an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design rcbd with three replications under two different rainfed and irrigated conditions during the growing season 20102011. The effect of water stress on the yield and yield components of durum wheat. Metabolic responses to drought stress in the tissues of.
Pdf screening for drought stress tolerance in wheat. Erwina, juan juttnerb, thorsten schnurbuschb, peter langridgeb, antony bacica,c,d,e and ute roessnera,e,1 a australian centre for plant functional genomics, school of. Drought resulted in the upregulation of some stress related genes apx1, sams1, and hsp17. Effect of terminal drought stress on the germination and. Diverging importance of drought stress for maize and. This study aimed to determine the level of drought tolerance among diverse bread wheat genotypes using agronomic traits and proline analyses and to establish correlation of proline content and agronomic traits under drought stress conditions in. Improvement of wheat yield grown under drought stress by. The progress made in understanding drought tolerance is due to advances in three main research areas. Among the environmental stresses, drought is one of the most. For this purpose, elite and high yielding wheat cultivars that are sensitive to drought may be used as recipient parents in a backcrossing.
Developing a viable wheat breeding program that will increase the tolerance of wheat to heat and drought is a pivotal strategy for breeding new cultivars in order to maintain wheat yields, given the climate changes forecast for the future. Compared with wildtype plants, tacipk23overexpression wheat and arabidopsis showed an higher. Diverging importance of drought stress for maize and winter. Wheat cblinteracting protein kinase 23 positively regulates. The calcineurin blike protein cblinteracting protein kinase cipk signaling pathway responds to various abiotic stresses in plants. Pdf control of drought stress in wheat using plant.
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